Okulambika okutwaliza awamu
Valivakye kintu ekikulu mu byuma eby’awamu. Kiteekebwa ku payipu oba ebyuma eby’enjawulo okufuga okutambula kwa medium nga kikyusa ekitundu ky’omukutu mu vvaalu. Emirimu gyayo gye gino: okuyunga oba okusalako ekisengejja, okuziyiza ekirungo okukulukuta okudda emabega, okutereeza ebipimo nga puleesa eya wakati n’okukulukuta, okukyusa obulagirizi bw’okukulukuta kw’ekisengejjero, okugabanya ekisengejjero oba okukuuma payipu n’ebyuma okuva ku puleesa esukkiridde, n’ebirala.
Waliwo ebika bingi eby’ebintu ebikolebwa mu vvaalu, nga bino byawulwamuvvaalu y’omulyango, vvaalu ya globe, .vvaalu y’okukebera, vvaalu y’omupiira, .vvaalu y’ekiwujjo, vvaalu ya pulagi, vvaalu ya diaphragm, vvaalu y’obukuumi, vvaalu etereeza (valva efugira), vvaalu ya throttle, vvaalu ekendeeza puleesa ne Traps, n’ebirala; Okusinziira ku kintu kino, kyawulwamu ekikomo aloy, ekyuma ekisuuliddwa, ekyuma kya kaboni, ekyuma kya alloy, ekyuma kya austenitic, ekyuma kya ferritic-austenitic dual-phase, aloy-based alloy, titanium alloy, obuveera bwa yinginiya ne vvaalu za ceramic, n’ebirala Okugatta ku ekyo, waliwo valve ez’enjawulo nga ultra-high pressure valves, vacuum valves, power station valves, valves for payipu ne payipu, vvaalu z’amakolero ga nukiriya, vvaalu z’emmeeri ne vvaalu za cryogenic. Ebipimo bya vvaalu eby’enjawulo, obunene obw’erinnya okuva ku DN1 (yuniti mu mm) okutuuka ku DN9750; puleesa ey’erinnya okuva mu ultra-vacuum ya 1× 10-10 mmHg (1mmHg = 133.322Pa) okutuuka ku puleesa eya waggulu ennyo eya PN14600 (yuniti ya 105 Pa); Ebbugumu ly’okukola liva ku bbugumu erya wansi ennyo erya -269°Cokutuuka ku bbugumu erya waggulu ennyo erya 1200°C.
Ebintu ebikolebwa mu vvaalu zikozesebwa nnyo mu bitundu eby’enjawulo eby’ebyenfuna by’eggwanga, gamba nga amafuta, ggaasi ow’obutonde, okulongoosa n’okulongoosa amafuta ne ggaasi n’enkola z’entambula mu payipu, ebiva mu kemiko, enkola y’okukola eddagala n’emmere, enkola y’amasannyalaze g’amazzi, ag’ebbugumu n’enkola y’okufulumya amasannyalaze ga nukiriya; Ebika bya vvaalu eby’enjawulo bikozesebwa nnyo mu nkola z’ebbugumu n’okugabirira amasannyalaze, enkola z’okufulumya ebyuma, enkola z’amazzi ag’emmeeri, mmotoka, ennyonyi n’ebyuma eby’emizannyo eby’enjawulo, n’enkola y’okufukirira n’okufulumya amazzi mu ttaka ly’okulimirako. Okugatta ku ekyo, mu by’okukola tekinologiya omupya ng’eby’okwerinda n’eby’omu bwengula, nazo zikozesebwa vvaalu ez’enjawulo ezirina eby’obugagga eby’enjawulo.
Ebintu ebikolebwa mu vvaalu bikola ekitundu kinene eky’ebintu ebikolebwa mu byuma. Okusinziira ku bibalo by’amawanga ag’ebweru agakulaakulanye mu makolero, omuwendo gw’ebifulumizibwa mu vvaalu gukola ebitundu nga 5% ku muwendo gw’ebifulumizibwa mu makolero gonna ag’ebyuma. Okusinziira ku bibalo, ekyuma kya nukiriya eky’ennono ekirimu yuniti za kilowatt obukadde bubiri kirina vvaalu nga 28,000 ezigabana, nga ku zino nga 12,000 za vvaalu z’ebizinga bya nukiriya. Ekizimbe ekinene eky’omulembe eky’amafuta kyetaagisa obutitimbe bwa vvaalu ez’enjawulo, era okutwalira awamu ssente eziteekebwa mu vvaalu zikola ebitundu 8% ku 10% ku nsimbi zonna eziteekebwa mu byuma.
Embeera eya bulijjo ey'amakolero ga valve mu China enkadde
01 Ekifo awazaalibwa amakolero ga vvaalu mu China: Shanghai
Mu China enkadde, Shanghai ye yasooka okukola vvaalu mu China. Mu 1902, Pan Shunji Copper Workshop, esangibwa ku luguudo lwa Wuchang, mu Disitulikiti y’e Hongkou, Shanghai, yatandika okukola obutundutundu obutonotono obwa ttaapu z’ebibbo bya caayi n’engalo. Ttaapu y’ekibbo kya caayi kika kya nkoko ya kikomo ekisuuliddwa. Ye kkampuni esoose okukola vvaalu mu China emanyiddwa okutuusa kati. Mu 1919, Deda (Shengji) Hardware Factory (eyasooka Shanghai Transmission Machinery Factory) yatandika okuva ku bugaali obutono n’etandika okukola enkoko z’ekikomo eza dayamita entono, vvaalu za globe, vvaalu z’emiryango n’emikutu gy’omuliro. Okukola vvaalu z’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa kwatandika mu 1926, nga obunene obusinga obunene obw’erinnya bwa NPS6 (mu yinsi, NPS1 = DN25.4). Mu kiseera kino, amakolero g’ebintu ebikozesebwa mu kukola ebintu nga Wang Yingqiang, Dahua, Lao Demao ne Maoxu nago gaggulwawo okukola vvaalu. Oluvannyuma olw’obwetaavu bwa vvaalu za ppipa okweyongera ku katale, ekibinja ekirala eky’amakolero agakola ebyuma, amakolero g’ebyuma, amakolero agakola omusenyu (okusuula) n’amakolero g’ebyuma byaggulwawo okukola vvaalu emu oluvannyuma lw’omulala.
Ekibiina ekikola vvaalu kitondebwawo mu bitundu by’e Zhonghongqiao, Waihongqiao, Daming Road ne Changzhi Road mu Disitulikiti y’e Hongkou, Shanghai. Mu kiseera ekyo, ebika ebyasinga okutunda ku katale k’omunda mu ggwanga byali “Horse Head”, “Three 8′′, “Three 9′′, “Double Coin”, “Iron Anchor”, “Chicken Ball” ne “Eagle Ball”. Ebintu ebikolebwa mu vvaalu y’ekikomo ekisuuliddwa n’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa mu puleesa entono bisinga kukozesebwa ku vvaalu za ppipa mu bifo ebizimbe n’eby’obuyonjo, era vvaalu entono ez’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa nazo zikozesebwa mu kitongole ky’amakolero g’engoye ezitazitowa. Amakolero gano matono nnyo mu bunene, nga galina tekinologiya azze emabega, ebyuma by’amakolero ebyangu n’okufulumya vvaalu entono, naye ge gasinga okuzaalibwa amakolero ga vvaalu mu China. Oluvannyuma oluvannyuma lw’okutandikawo ekibiina ekigatta ebyuma ebizimba mu Shanghai, abakola vvaalu zino beegasse ku kibiina kino omu oluvannyuma lw’omulala ne bafuuka ekibiina ky’amakubo g’amazzi. mmemba.
02Ebifo bibiri ebinene ebikola vvaalu
Ku ntandikwa ya 1930, Shanghai Shenhe Machinery Factory yakola valve za gate ez’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa eza puleesa entono wansi wa NPS12 okukola emirimu gy’amazzi. Mu 1935, ekkolero lino lyatandikawo omukago ne Xiangfeng Iron Pipe Factory ne Xiangtai Iron Co., Ltd. bannannyini migabo okuzimba Daxin Iron Factory (eyasooka Shanghai Bicycle Factory), mu 1936 Yamalirizibwa n’okuteekebwa mu kukola, waliwo abakozi kumpi 100, nga bayingizibwa mu ggwanga 2.6 zhang (1 zhang≈3.33m) lathes n’ebyuma ebisitula, okusinga okufulumya ebikozesebwa mu makolero n’eby’okusima, payipu z’amazzi ez’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa n’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa vvaalu, obunene obw’erinnya obwa vvaalu ye NPS6 ~ NPS18, era Esobola okukola dizayini n’okugabira seti enzijuvu eza vvaalu z’amakolero g’amazzi, era ebintu bifulumizibwa e Nanjing, Hangzhou ne Beijing. Oluvannyuma lw’abalumbaganyi b’e Japan “August 13′′ okuwamba Shanghai mu 1937, ekkolero n’ebikozesebwa ebisinga obungi mu kkolero lino byasaanawo olw’omuliro gw’emmundu z’e Japan.Omwaka ogwaddako ne bongera kapito ne baddamu okukola.NPS14 ~ NPS36 cast iron gate valves, naye olw’okusereba kw’ebyenfuna, bizinensi ezikaluba, n’okugoba abantu mu ngeri ey’okukendeeza ku nsimbi, tebasobodde kuddamu kukola okutuusa ku lunaku lw’okutandikawo New China.
Mu 1935, bannannyini migabo bataano okuli Li Chenghai, omusuubuzi w’eggwanga, baatandika wamu ekkolero ly’ekyuma erya Shenyang Chengfa (eyasooka okukola ekkolero lya Tieling Valve) ku luguudo lwa Shishiwei, mu Disitulikiti y’e Nancheng, mu kibuga Shenyang. Okuddaabiriza n’okukola vvaalu. Mu 1939, ekkolero lino lyasengulwa ne litwalibwa ku luguudo lwa Beierma Road, mu Disitulikiti y’e Tiexi okugaziwa, era emisomo eminene ebiri egy’okusuula n’okukola ebyuma ne gizimbibwa. Mu 1945, yali ekula n’etuuka ku bakozi 400, era ebintu byayo ebikulu byali: bboyiyira ennene, vvaalu z’ekikomo ekisuuliddwa, ne vvaalu z’omulyango ogw’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa wansi w’ettaka nga zirina obunene obutono wansi wa DN800. Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory kkampuni ekola vvaalu ng’erwana okuwangaala mu China enkadde.
03Amakolero ga vvaalu mu mabega
Mu lutalo lw’okulwanyisa Japan, amakolero mangi mu Shanghai n’ebifo ebirala gaasengukira mu bukiikaddyo bw’amaserengeta, n’olwekyo omuwendo gw’ebitongole mu Chongqing n’ebifo ebirala mu kitundu eky’emabega gwalinnya nnyo, era amakolero gaatandika okukulaakulana. Mu 1943, Chongqing Hongtai Machinery Factory ne Huachang Machinery Factory (amakolero gombi gaali gasooka Chongqing Valve Factory) zaatandika okuddaabiriza n’okukola ebitundu bya ppipa ne vvaalu za puleesa entono, ekyakola kinene mu kukulaakulanya okufulumya mu kiseera ky’olutalo emabega n’okugonjoola vvaalu z’abantu baabulijjo. Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi mu lutalo lw’okulwanyisa Japan, ekkolero lya Lisheng Hardware Factory, Zhenxing Industrial Society, Jinshunhe Hardware Factory ne Qiyi Hardware Factory byaggulwawo mu lunyiriri okufulumya obuuma obutonotono. Oluvannyuma lw’okutandikawo New China, amakolero gano gaagattibwa ne gafuuka Chongqing Valve Factory.
Mu kiseera ekyo, abamuabakola vvaalumu Shanghai era yagenda e Tianjin, Nanjing ne Wuxi okuzimba amakolero okuddaabiriza n’okukola vvaalu. Amakolero agamu agakola ebyuma, amakolero ga payipu z’ebyuma, amakolero g’ebyuma oba amakolero g’emmeeri mu Beijing, Dalian, Changchun, Harbin, Anshan, Qingdao, Wuhan, Fuzhou ne Guangzhou nago gabadde gakola ku kuddaabiriza n’okukola vvaalu ezimu ezikola amazzi.
Obudde bw'okuwandiika: Jul-21-2022
