Omutendera ogwasooka ogw’amakolero ga vvaalu (1949-1959) .
01Okutegeka okuweereza okuzzaawo ebyenfuna by’eggwanga
Ekiseera okuva mu 1949 okutuuka mu 1952 kye kiseera ebyenfuna by’eggwanga lyange we byatereera. Olw’obwetaavu bw’okuzimba ebyenfuna, eggwanga lyetaaga mu bwangu omuwendo omunene ogw’...vvaalu eziyitibwa valves, si kyokkavvaalu za puleesa entono, naye era n’ekibinja kya vvaalu za puleesa eya waggulu n’eya wakati ezitakolebwa mu kiseera ekyo. Engeri y’okutegekamu okukola vvaalu okusobola okutuukiriza ebyetaago eby’amangu eby’eggwanga mulimu muzito era muzibu.
1. Okulungamya n’okuwagira okufulumya
Okusinziira ku nkola ya “okutumbula okufulumya, okukulaakulanya ebyenfuna, okutunuulira ebya gavumenti n’eby’obwannannyini, n’okuganyula abakozi ne kapito”, gavumenti y’abantu ekwata enkola y’okulongoosa n’okulagira, era n’ewagira n’amaanyi amakampuni ag’obwannannyini aga wakati n’amatono okuddamu okuggulawo n’okufulumya vvaalu. Ku lunaku lw’okutandikawo ekkolero lya People’s Republic of China, ekkolero ly’ebyuma erya Shenyang Chengfa lyasembye okuggala bizinensi yaalyo olw’amabanja amangi n’obutaba na katale ka bintu byalyo, ne basigaza abakozi 7 bokka okukuuma ekkolero lino, era ne litunda ebyuma 14 okulabirira ensaasaanya. Oluvannyuma lw’okutandikawo New China, ng’eyambibwako gavumenti y’abantu, ekkolero lino lyaddamu okukola, era omuwendo gw’abakozi mu mwaka ogwo gweyongera okuva ku 7 okutuuka ku 96 bwe lyatandika. Oluvannyuma ekkolero lino lyakkiriza okulongoosa ebintu okuva mu kkampuni ya Shenyang Hardware Machinery Company, era okufulumya ebintu ne kufuna endabika empya. Omuwendo gw’abakozi gweyongedde okutuuka ku 329, nga buli mwaka bafulumya seti 610 eza vvaalu ez’enjawulo, nga zifulumya omuwendo gwa Yuan 830,000. Mu kiseera kye kimu mu Shanghai, si bitongole by’obwannannyini byokka ebyali bikola vvaalu bye byaddamu okuggulwawo, naye olw’ebyenfuna by’eggwanga okudda engulu, omuwendo omunene ogw’ebitongole ebitonotono eby’obwannannyini byaggulawo oba ne bikyuka ne bidda mu kukola vvaalu, ekyaleetera ekibiina ky’ekibiina ekigatta ebyuma ebizimba mu kiseera ekyo okugaziwa amangu.
2. Okugula n’okutunda okugatta, okutegeka okufulumya vvaalu
Olw’omuwendo omunene ogw’ebitongole by’obwannannyini ebifuuse okukola vvaalu, ekibiina ekyasooka ekya Shanghai Construction Hardware Association tekisobodde kutuukiriza bisaanyizo bya nkulaakulana. Mu 1951, abakola vvaalu z’e Shanghai baatandikawo emirimu 6 egy’awamu okukola emirimu gy’okulongoosa n’okulagira egya Shanghai Purchasing Supply Station eya China Hardware Machinery Company, n’okussa mu nkola okugula n’okutunda okugatta. Okugeza, kkampuni ya Daxin Iron Works ekola omulimu gw’okukola vvaalu ennene eza puleesa entono mu sayizi emanyiddwa, ne Yuanda, Zhongxin, Jinlong ne Lianggong Machinery Factory, ekola ku kukola vvaalu za puleesa eya waggulu n’eza wakati, byonna biwagirwa ekitongole kya Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Public Utilities, Minisitule y’amakolero mu East China ne Central Fuel. Wansi w’obulagirizi bw’ekitongole ekiddukanya amafuta mu minisitule y’amakolero, ebiragiro obutereevu biteekebwa mu nkola, oluvannyuma ne bidda mu kukola ku biragiro. Gavumenti y’abantu eyambye amakampuni ag’obwannannyini okuvvuunuka ebizibu mu kukola n’okutunda ng’eyita mu nkola y’okugula n’okutunda ey’obumu, mu kusooka yakyusa obutabanguko mu by’enfuna mu bitongole by’obwannannyini, n’okulongoosa obwagazi bw’okufulumya ebintu mu bitongole by’obwannannyini, n’okulongoosa obwagazi bw’okufulumya ebintu mu bitongole by’obwannannyini n’abakozi, abasigadde emabega ennyo mu tekinologiya, ebyuma n’embeera y’amakolero Mu mbeera eriwo, ewaddeyo ebintu bingi ebya vvaalu eri ebitongole ebikulu ng’amabibiro g’amasannyalaze, ebyuma n’ ebifo eby’amafuta okuddamu okubifulumya.
3. Enkulaakulana ey’okuzzaawo empeereza y’okuzimba ebyenfuna by’eggwanga
Mu nteekateeka y’emyaka etaano egisoose, gavumenti ezudde pulojekiti z’okuzimba enkulu 156, nga ku zino okuzzaawo ekisaawe ky’amafuta ekya Yumen n’okufulumya kkampuni ya Anshan Iron and Steel, pulojekiti bbiri ennene. Okusobola okuddamu okufulumya amafuta mu Yumen Oilfield mu bwangu, ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku mafuta mu minisitule y’amakolero g’amafuta kyategeka okukola ebitundu by’ebyuma ebikola amafuta mu kibuga Shanghai. Shanghai Jinlong Hardware Factory n’abalala batutte omulimu gw’okugezesa okufulumya ekibinja kya vvaalu z’ekyuma eza puleesa eya wakati. Kiyinza okulowoozebwako okulowooza ku buzibu bw’okugezesa okufulumya vvaalu za puleesa eya wakati nga zikolebwa amakolero amatonotono ag’omulembe gw’emisomo. Ebika ebimu bisobola okukoppa okusinziira ku sampuli eziweebwa abakozesa zokka, era ebintu ebituufu bikeberebwa ne biteekebwa ku maapu. Olw’okuba omutindo gw’ebyuma ebisuuliddwa tegwali mulungi kimala, omubiri gwa vvaalu y’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa ogwasooka gwalina okukyusibwa ne gufuulibwa ebijingirire. Mu kiseera ekyo, tewaaliwo die ya kusima ku nkola ya oblique hole processing ya globe valve body, kale yali esobola okusimibwa n’engalo yokka, n’oluvannyuma n’etereezebwa fitter. Oluvannyuma lw’okuvvuunuka ebizibu bingi, twatuuka obuwanguzi mu kugezesa okufulumya NPS3/8 ~ NPS2 medium-pressure steel gate valves ne globe valves, ezaayanirizibwa bulungi abakozesa. Mu kitundu ekyokubiri ekya 1952, amakolero ga Shanghai Yuanta, Zhongxin, Weiye, Lianggong n’amalala gaatwala omulimu gw’okugezesa okufulumya n’okukola mu bungi vvaalu z’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa okukola amafuta g’amafuta. Mu kiseera ekyo, dizayini n’omutindo gw’Abasoviyeti byakozesebwa, era abakugu bayiga nga bakola, era ne bavvuunuka ebizibu bingi mu kukola. Okugezesa okufulumya vvaalu z’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa mu Shanghai kwategekebwa minisitule y’amafuta, era ne kufuna enkolagana y’amakolero ag’enjawulo mu Shanghai. Asia Factory (kati Shanghai Machine Repair Factory) yawa ebyuma ebisuulibwa ebituukana n’ebisaanyizo, ate Sifang Boiler Factory yayambako mu kutulisa ebyuma. Okugezesa kuno kwasembayo okutuuka ku buwanguzi mu kugezesa okufulumya ekyuma ekisuuliddwa valve prototype, era amangu ago ne kitegeka okufulumya mu bungi ne kisindika mu Yumen Oilfield okukozesebwa mu budde. Mu kiseera kye kimu, Shenyang Chengfa Iron Works ne Shanghai Daxin Iron Works nazo zaawaddeyovvaalu za puleesa entononga balina obunene obw’erinnya obw’amabibiro g’amasannyalaze, kkampuni ya Anshan Iron and Steel okuddamu okukola n’okuzimba ebibuga.
Mu kiseera ebyenfuna by’eggwanga we byatereera, amakolero ga vvaalu mu ggwanga lyange gakulaakulana mangu. Mu 1949, vvaalu zaali ttani 387 zokka, ezaalinnya okutuuka ku ttani 1015 mu 1952. Mu by’ekikugu, esobodde okukola vvaalu z’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa ne vvaalu ennene eza puleesa entono, ezitakoma ku kuwa vvaalu ezikwatagana okuddamu ebyenfuna by’eggwanga, wabula era ziteekawo omusingi omulungi ogw’enkulaakulana y’amakolero ga vvaalu mu China mu biseera eby’omu maaso.
02Omulimu gwa valve gwatandika
Mu 1953, ensi yange yatandika enteekateeka yaayo ey’emyaka etaano esooka, era amakolero ng’amafuta, amakolero g’eddagala, ebyuma, amasannyalaze n’amanda byonna byayanguyiza enkulaakulana. Mu kiseera kino, obwetaavu bwa vvaalu bukubisibwa. Mu kiseera ekyo, wadde nga waaliwo amakolero amatonotono ag’obwannannyini agakola vvaalu nnyingi, amaanyi gaago ag’ekikugu gaali ganafu, ebyuma byabwe byali bivudde ku mulembe, amakolero gaago gaali mangu, minzaani zaago ntono nnyo, era nga zisaasaanidde nnyo. Okusobola okutuukiriza ebisaanyizo by’enkulaakulana ey’amangu ey’ebyenfuna by’eggwanga, Minisitule esooka ey’amakolero g’ebyuma (eyitibwa Minisitule esooka ey’ebyuma) ekyagenda mu maaso n’okuddamu okutegeka n’okukyusa ebitongole by’obwannannyini ebyasooka n’okugaziya okukola vvaalu. Mu kiseera kye kimu, waliwo enteekateeka n’emitendera gy’okuzimba omugongo ne vvaalu z’ebisumuluzo. Enterprise, amakolero ga valve mu ggwanga lyange gaatandika okutandika.
1. Okuddamu okutegeka amakolero ga vvaalu ez’okubiri mu Shanghai
Oluvannyuma lw’okutandikawo New China, Ekibiina kyassa mu nkola enkola ya “okukozesa, okukugira n’okukyusa” mu makolero n’obusuubuzi bwa kapito.
Kyazuulibwa nti mu Shanghai mwalimu amakolero amatonotono aga vvaalu 60 oba 70. Amakolero gano agasinga obunene gaali galimu abantu 20 ku 30 bokka, ate agasinga obutono gaali galimu abantu batono. Wadde ng’amakolero gano aga vvaalu gakola vvaalu, tekinologiya waago n’enzirukanya yaago bidda mabega nnyo, ebyuma n’ebizimbe by’amakolero byangu, ate enkola z’okufulumya nnyangu. Ebimu birina ekyuma kimu oba bibiri byokka ebyangu oba ebyuma ebikuba emisipi, era waliwo ebyuma ebimu ebiyitibwa crucible furnaces byokka ebisuulibwa, ng’ebisinga bikolebwa mu ngalo. , nga tebalina busobozi bwa dizayini n’ebyuma ebigezesa. Embeera eno tesaanira kukola za mulembe, era tesobola kutuukiriza bisaanyizo bya gavumenti ebitegekeddwa okufulumya, era tekisoboka kufuga mutindo gwa bikolebwa mu vvaalu. Ku nsonga eno, Gavumenti ya Shanghai Municipal People’s Government ekoze omukago n’abakola vvaalu mu Shanghai, era n’etandikawo Shanghai Pipeline Switches No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, No. 6 n’ebitongole ebirala eby’omu makkati. Nga tugatta ebyo waggulu, enzirukanya ey’omu makkati mu nsonga za tekinologiya n’omutindo, ekigatta obulungi enzirukanya esaasaanidde era ey’akavuyo, bwe kityo ne kikungaanya ennyo obwagazi bw’abakozi abasinga obungi okuzimba enfuga ey’obusosoze, kino kye kiseera ekisoose okuddamu okutegeka okunene mu mulimu gwa vvaalu.
Oluvannyuma lw’omukago gwa gavumenti n’obwannannyini mu 1956, amakolero ga vvaalu mu Shanghai gaalongoosebwa omulundi ogw’okubiri n’okuddamu okutegekebwa mu makolero ku mutendera omunene, era kkampuni ez’ekikugu nga Shanghai Construction Hardware Company, Petroleum Machinery Parts Manufacturing Company ne General Machinery Company zatandikibwawo. Kkampuni ya vvaalu eyasooka okwegatta ku mulimu gw’okuzimba ebikozesebwa mu kuzimba etaddewo Yuanda, Rongfa, Zhongxin, Weiye, Jinlong, Zhao Yongda, Tongxin, Fuchang, Wang Yingqi, Yunchang, Dehe, Jinfa, ne Xie okusinziira ku bitundu. Waliwo amakolero ag’omu makkati nga 20 mu Dalian, Yuchang, Deda, n’ebirala Buli kkolero ery’omu makkati lirina amakolero ga satellite agawerako wansi w’obuyinza bwalyo. Ettabi ly’ekibiina n’ekibiina ky’abakozi ab’awamu okuva ku musingi byatandikibwawo mu kkolero erya wakati. Gavumenti yawa abakiise b’olukale okukubiriza emirimu gy’okuddukanya emirimu, era okusinziira ku ekyo n’etandikawo ebibiina ebikola bizinensi z’okufulumya, okugaba, n’eby’ensimbi, era mpolampola n’eteeka mu nkola enkola z’okuddukanya ezifaananako n’ebitongole bya gavumenti. Mu kiseera kye kimu, ekitundu kya Shenyang nakyo kyagatta amakolero amatonotono 21 ne gafuuka ChengfaValiva y’omulyangoFakitole. Okuva olwo, gavumenti yaleeta okufulumya ebitongole ebitonotono n’ebya wakati mu nkola y’okuteekateeka eggwanga ng’eyita mu bitongole ebiddukanya emirimu ku mitendera gyonna, era n’eteekateeka n’okutegeka okufulumya vvaalu. Eno nkyukakyuka mu nzirukanya y’okufulumya ebintu mu bitongole bya vvaalu okuva New China lwe yatandikibwawo.
2. Shenyang General Machinery Factory yakyusizza n’egenda mu kukola valve
Mu kiseera kye kimu nga okuddamu okutegeka abakola vvaalu mu Shanghai, ekitongole ky’ebyuma ekisooka kyagabanyaamu okufulumya ebintu bya buli kkolero erikwatagana obutereevu, era ne litangaaza ku ndagiriro y’okufulumya eby’ekikugu mu makolero agakwatagana obutereevu n’amakolero amanene aga gavumenti ag’omu kitundu. Ekkolero lya Shenyang General Machinery Factory lyakyusibwa ne lifuulibwa kkampuni ey’ekikugu ekola vvaalu. ekitongole. Ekkolero eryasooka yali ofiisi ya bureaucratic capital enterprise ku lukalu n’ekkolero lya Dechan erya Japan erya pseudo-industry. Oluvannyuma lw’okutandikibwawo New China, ekkolero lino lyasinga kukola ebyuma eby’enjawulo n’ebiyungo bya payipu. Mu 1953, yatandika okukola ebyuma ebikola embaawo. Mu 1954, bwe yali eddukanyizibwa butereevu ekitongole ekisooka ekya Minisitule y’Ebyuma, yalina abakozi 1,585 ne seti 147 ez’ebyuma n’ebikozesebwa eby’enjawulo. Era erina obusobozi bw’okufulumya ekyuma ekisuuliddwa, era amaanyi ag’ekikugu ga maanyi nnyo. Okuva mu 1955, okusobola okutuukagana n’enkulaakulana y’enteekateeka y’eggwanga, kyeyoleka bulungi nti ekyuse n’egenda mu kukola vvaalu, n’eddamu okuzimba emisomo egyasooka egy’okukola ebyuma, okukuŋŋaanya, ebikozesebwa, okuddaabiriza ebyuma n’okusuula ebyuma, n’ezimba omusomo omupya ogw’okukuba riveting n’okuweta, n’okutandikawo laboratory ey’omu makkati n’ekifo ekikakasa ebipimo. Abamu ku ba tekinologiya bakyusiddwa okuva mu kkolero lya Shenyang Pump Factory. Mu 1956, 837t za...vvaalu za puleesa entonozakolebwa, era okukola vvaalu za puleesa eya waggulu n’eya wakati mu bungi ne kutandika. Mu 1959, ttani 4213 eza vvaalu zakolebwa nga kuliko ttani 1291 eza puleesa eya waggulu n’eya wakati. Mu 1962, yatuumibwa erinnya lya Shenyang High and Medium Pressure Valve Factory era n’efuuka emu ku bitongole ebisinga obunene eby’omugongo mu mulimu gwa vvaalu.
3. Entikko esooka ey’okufulumya vvaalu
Mu nnaku ezaasooka nga New China etandikibwawo, okufulumya vvaalu z’eggwanga lyange okusinga kwagonjoolwa olw’okukolagana n’entalo. Mu kiseera kya “Great Leap Forward”, amakolero ga vvaalu mu ggwanga lyange gaafuna entikko yaago eyasooka ey’okufulumya. Valve output: 387t mu 1949, 8126t mu 1956, 49746t mu 1959, emirundi 128.5 egya 1949, n’emirundi 6.1 egya 1956 nga omukago gwa gavumenti n’obwannannyini gwatandikibwawo. Okukola vvaalu za puleesa eya waggulu n’eza wakati kwatandika kikeerezi, era okufulumya mu bungi kwatandika mu 1956, nga buli mwaka zifulumya ttani 175. Mu 1959, ebifulumizibwa byatuuka ku 1799t, nga bino byali emirundi 10.3 okusinga ebya 1956. Enkulaakulana ey’amangu ey’okuzimba ebyenfuna by’eggwanga etumbula enkulaakulana ennene mu mulimu gwa vvaalu. Mu 1955, ekkolero lya Shanghai Lianggong Valve Factory lyagezesa bulungi vvaalu y’omuti gwa Ssekukkulu eri Yumen Oilfield; Shanghai Yuanda, Zhongxin, Weiye, Rongfa n’amakolero g’ebyuma amalala okugezesa ekyuma ekisuuliddwa, ekyuma ekijingirire vvaalu za puleesa eya wakati n’eya waggulu ne puleesa ey’erinnya eri ennimiro z’amafuta n’amakolero g’ebigimusa Valiva z’ebigimusa ebya puleesa eya waggulu eza PN160 ne PN320; Shenyang General Machinery Factory ne Suzhou Iron Factory (eyasooka Suzhou Valve Factory) zaagezesa bulungi okufulumya valve za puleesa enkulu ez’ekkolero ly’ebigimusa erya Jilin Chemical Industry Corporation; Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory yagezesa bulungi okufulumya vvaalu y’omulyango gw’amasannyalaze ng’erina sayizi ya DN3000. Yali vvaalu esinga obunene era esinga obuzito mu China mu kiseera ekyo; Shenyang General Machinery Factory yagezesa bulungi valve za puleesa eya waggulu ennyo nga zirina sayizi ez’erinnya eza DN3 ~ DN10 ne puleesa ez’erinnya eza PN1500 ~ PN2000 ez’ekyuma ekigezesa eky’omu makkati ekya puleesa eya waggulu ekya polyethylene; Shanghai Daxin Iron Factory ekoleddwa abakola ebyuma Valiva y’empewo eyokya ey’ebbugumu eringi ng’erina obunene obw’erinnya obwa DN600 ate vvaalu y’omukka eya DN900; Ekkolero lya Dalian Valve Factory, Wafangdian Valve Factory, n’ebirala nabyo bituuse ku nkulaakulana ey’amangu. Okweyongera kw’enjawulo n’obungi bwa vvaalu kitumbula enkulaakulana y’amakolero ga vvaalu. Naddala olw’obwetaavu bw’okuzimba obw’amakolero ga “Great Leap Forward”, amakolero ga vvaalu amatonotono n’aga wakati gavuddeyo mu ggwanga lyonna. Mu mwaka gwa 1958, ebitongole by’eggwanga ebikola vvaalu byalina Waliwo kumpi kikumi, nga bikola ttiimu ennene ennyo ey’okukola vvaalu. Mu 1958, omugatte gw’ebifulumizibwa mu vvaalu gwalinnya okutuuka ku ttani 24,163, nga kino kyeyongedde ebitundu 80% okusinga mu 1957; Mu kiseera kino, okufulumya vvaalu z’eggwanga lyange kwasooka kutuuka ku ntikko. Wabula olw’okutongoza abakola vvaalu, era kyaleeta obuzibu obuwerako. Okugeza: okugoberera obungi bwokka, so si mutindo; “okukola ebitonotono n’okukola ebinene, enkola z’omu kitundu”, obutaba na mbeera za tekinologiya; dizayini nga okola, obutaba na ndowooza za mutindo; okukoppa n’okukoppa, ekivaako okutabulwa mu by’ekikugu. Olw’enkola zaabwe ez’enjawulo, buli emu erina emisono egy’enjawulo. Enjogera ya vvaalu si ya kimu mu bifo eby’enjawulo, era puleesa ey’erinnya n’omuddiring’anwa gwa sayizi ey’erinnya tezikwatagana. Amakolero agamu gategeeza omutindo gw’Abasoviyeti, agamu gategeeza omutindo gw’Abajapaani, ate agamu gategeeza omutindo gw’Abamerika n’Abangereza. Okutabulwa nnyo. Mu ngeri y’ebika, ebiragiro, ebipimo by’okuyunga, obuwanvu bw’enzimba, embeera y’okugezesa, omutindo gw’okugezesa, obubonero bwa langi, eby’omubiri n’eddagala, n’okupima, n’ebirala Kkampuni nnyingi zeettanira enkola y’okukwatagana omulundi gumu eya “okukwataganya omuwendo gw’ebifo”, omutindo tegukakasibwa, ebifulumizibwa tebiri waggulu, era emigaso gy’ebyenfuna tegirongoosebwa. Embeera mu kiseera ekyo yali “esaasaanye, ya kavuyo, ntono, era ya wansi”, kwe kugamba, amakolero ga vvaalu agaali gasaasaanidde buli wamu, enkola y’okuddukanya emirimu gya kavuyo, obutaba na mutindo gwa tekinologiya n’ebiragiro ebikwatagana, n’omutindo gw’ebintu ogwa wansi. Okusobola okuzzaawo embeera eno, gavumenti yasalawo okutegeka abakozi abakwatibwako okukola okunoonyereza mu ggwanga ku bikolebwa ku...vvaaluyindasitule.
4. Okunoonyereza okusooka mu ggwanga lyonna ku kukola vvaalu
Okusobola okumanya embeera y’okukola vvaalu, mu 1958, ekitongole ekisooka n’ekyokusatu eky’ekitongole ky’ebyuma ekisooka kyategeka okunoonyereza okw’eggwanga lyonna ku kukola vvaalu. Ttiimu y’abanoonyereza yagenda mu bitundu 4 n’ebibuga 24 mu Northeast China, North China, East China ne Central South China okukola okunoonyereza okujjuvu ku makolero ga valve 90. Guno gwe mulundi ogusoose okunoonyereza ku vvaalu mu ggwanga lyonna bukya People’s Republic of China etandikibwawo. Mu kiseera ekyo, okunoonyereza kwali kusinga kukwata ku bakola vvaalu abalina obunene n’ebika bingi n’ebikwata ku byuma, gamba nga Shenyang General Machinery Factory, Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory, Suzhou Iron Factory, ne Dalian Valve. Ekkolero, Beijing Hardware Material Factory (eyasooka Beijing Valve Factory), Wafangdian Valve Factory, Chongqing Valve Factory, abakola valve abawerako mu Shanghai ne Shanghai Payipu Switch 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ne 6 amakolero, n'ebirala.
Okuyita mu kunoonyereza, ebizibu ebikulu ebiriwo mu kukola vvaalu okusinga bizuuliddwa:
1) Obutategeka okutwalira awamu n’okugabanya emirimu mu ngeri entuufu, ekivaamu okufulumya enfunda eziwera n’okukosa obusobozi bw’okufulumya.
2) Omutindo gw’ebintu bya valve tegukwatagana, ekivuddeko obuzibu bungi eri omukozesa okulonda n’okulabirira.
3) Omusingi gw’omulimu gw’okupima n’okukebera mubi nnyo, era kizibu okukakasa omutindo gw’ebintu ebikolebwa mu vvaalu n’okukolebwa mu bungi.
Mu kwanukula ebizibu ebyo waggulu, ttiimu y’abanoonyereza yaleeta enkola ssatu eri minisitule ne bitongole, omuli okunyweza enteekateeka okutwalira awamu, okugabanya emirimu mu ngeri entuufu, n’okutegeka bbalansi y’okufulumya n’okutunda; okunyweza omutindo n’omulimu gw’okukebera omubiri n’eddagala, okukola omutindo gwa vvaalu ezigatta; n’okukola okunoonyereza okw’okugezesa. 1. Abakulembeze ba 3rd Bureau kino baakitwala nga kikulu nnyo. Okusookera ddala essira baalitadde ku mulimu gw’okussa omutindo. Bakwasizza ekitongole ekinoonyereza ku tekinologiya w’ebyuma ekya Minisitule y’ebyuma esooka okutegeka abakola vvaalu ezikwatibwako okukola omutindo gw’ebikozesebwa mu payipu ogwafulumizibwa minisitule, ogwassibwa mu nkola mu mulimu guno mu 1961. Okusobola okulungamya dizayini ya vvaalu za buli kkolero, ettendekero lino likung’aanyizza n’okukuba ekitabo “Valve Design Manual”. Omutindo gw’ebikozesebwa mu payipu ogwafulumizibwa minisitule gwe mutendera ogusoose ogw’omutindo gwa vvaalu mu nsi yange, era “Valve Design Manual” ye data ey’ekikugu esoose okukung’aanya ffekka mu kukola dizayini ya vvaalu, ebadde n’omulimu omulungi mu kulongoosa omutindo gwa dizayini y’ebintu ebikolebwa mu vvaalu mu nsi yange. Okuyita mu kunoonyereza kuno okwakolebwa mu ggwanga lyonna, omusingi gw’enkulaakulana y’amakolero ga vvaalu mu ggwanga lyange mu myaka 10 egiyise guzuuliddwa, era ebikolwa eby’omugaso era ebikola bikoleddwa okugoba ddala okukoppa okw’akavuyo okw’okukola vvaalu n’obutaba na mutindo. Tekinologiya w’amakolero yakwata eddaala ddene mu maaso n’atandika okuyingira mu mutendera omupya ogw’okwekolako n’okutegeka okufulumya ebintu mu bungi.
03 Mu bufunze
Okuva mu 1949 okutuuka mu 1959, eggwanga lyangevalveamakolero gaatereera mangu okuva mu kavuyo akaali mu China enkadde ne gatandika okutandika; okuva ku ndabirira, okukoppa okutuuka ku kwekoladesign n’okukola, okuva ku kukola vvaalu za puleesa entono okutuuka ku kukola vvaalu za puleesa eya waggulu n’eya wakati, mu kusooka byakola omulimu gw’okukola vvaalu. Wabula olw’enkulaakulana ey’amangu ey’embiro z’okufulumya, waliwo n’ebizibu ebimu. Okuva lwe kyayingizibwa mu nteekateeka y’eggwanga, wansi w’enzirukanya ey’omu makkati eya Minisitule y’Ebyuma esooka, ekivuddeko ekizibu kino kizuuliddwa okuyita mu kunoonyereza n’okunoonyereza, era eby’okugonjoola n’ebikolwa eby’omugaso era ebirungi bikoleddwa okusobozesa okukola vvaalu okukwatagana n’omutindo gw’okuzimba ebyenfuna by’eggwanga, n’okutumbula amakolero ga vvaalu. Era okutondawo ebibiina by’amakolero kutaddewo omusingi omulungi.
Obudde bw'okuwandiika: Jul-27-2022
