Mu yinginiya wa payipu, okulonda obulungi vvaalu z’amasannyalaze y’emu ku bukwakkulizo obukakasa okutuukiriza ebisaanyizo by’okukozesa. Singa vvaalu y’amasannyalaze ekozesebwa tesunsulwa bulungi, tekijja kukosa kukozesa kwokka, wabula era kijja kuleeta ebivaamu ebibi oba okufiirwa okw’amaanyi, n’olwekyo, okulonda okutuufu okwa vvaalu z’amasannyalaze mu dizayini ya yinginiya wa payipu.
Embeera y’okukola eya vvaalu y’amasannyalaze
Ng’oggyeeko okufaayo ku bipimo bya payipu, okufaayo okw’enjawulo kulina okussibwa ku mbeera z’obutonde bw’ensi y’emirimu gyayo, kubanga ekyuma ky’amasannyalaze mu vvaalu y’amasannyalaze kyuma kya masanyalaze, era embeera yaakyo ey’okukola ekosebwa nnyo embeera yaayo ey’okukola. Mu budde obwabulijjo, embeera y’okukola eya vvaalu y’amasannyalaze eri bweti:
1. Okuteeka munda oba okukozesa ebweru nga waliwo eby’okwekuuma;
2. Okuteeka ebweru mu bbanga, nga waliwo empewo, omusenyu, enkuba n’omusulo, omusana n’okukulugguka okulala;
3. Kirina embeera ya ggaasi oba enfuufu ekwata omuliro oba okubwatuka;
4. Obutondde obw’obutiti obunnyogovu, obukalu obw’obutiti;
5. Ebbugumu ly’ekisengejjo kya payipu liri waggulu nga 480°C oba okusingawo;
6. Ebbugumu ly’ekifo liri wansi wa -20°C;
7. Kyangu okubooga oba okunnyika mu mazzi;
8. Embeera ezirimu ebintu ebikola amasannyalaze (amabibiro g’amasannyalaze ga nukiriya n’ebyuma ebikebera ebintu ebikola amasannyalaze);
9. Obutonde bw’emmeeri oba omwalo (nga gufuuyira omunnyo, ekikuta, n’obunnyogovu);
10. Emirundi egy’okukankana okw’amaanyi;
11. Emirundi egitera okukuba omuliro;
Ku vvaalu z’amasannyalaze mu mbeera ezoogeddwako waggulu, ensengekera, ebikozesebwa n’ebipimo by’obukuumi eby’ebyuma by’amasannyalaze bya njawulo. N’olwekyo, ekyuma ky’amasannyalaze ekya vvaalu ekikwatagana kisaana okulondebwa okusinziira ku mbeera y’emirimu eyogeddwako waggulu.
Ebyetaago by’emirimu gy’amasannyalazevvaalu eziyitibwa valves
Okusinziira ku byetaago by’okufuga kwa yinginiya, ku vvaalu y’amasannyalaze, omulimu gw’okufuga gumalirizibwa ekyuma ky’amasannyalaze. Ekigendererwa ky’okukozesa vvaalu z’amasannyalaze kwe kutuukiriza okufuga amasannyalaze okutali kwa ngalo oba okufuga kompyuta olw’okuggulawo, okuggalawo n’okutereeza okuyungibwa kwa vvaalu. Ebyuma by’amasannyalaze eby’ennaku zino tebikozesebwa kukekkereza bakozi bokka. Olw’enjawulo ennene mu nkola n’omutindo gw’ebintu okuva mu bakola eby’enjawulo, okulonda ebyuma by’amasannyalaze n’okulonda vvaalu bikulu kyenkanyi mu pulojekiti.
Okufuga amasannyalaze ku masannyalazevvaalu eziyitibwa valves
Olw’okulongoosa obutasalako mu byetaago by’okukola otoma mu makolero, ku ludda olumu, enkozesa ya vvaalu z’amasannyalaze yeeyongera, ate ku ludda olulala, ebyetaago by’okufuga vvaalu z’amasannyalaze byeyongera okubeera waggulu era nga bizibu. N’olwekyo, dizayini ya vvaalu z’amasannyalaze mu nsonga z’okufuga amasannyalaze nayo etereezebwa buli kiseera. Olw’okukulaakulana kwa ssaayansi ne tekinologiya n’okutunda n’okukozesa kompyuta, enkola empya era ez’enjawulo ez’okufuga amasannyalaze zijja kwongera okulabika. Ku lw’okufuga okutwalira awamu kw’amasannyalazevalve, okufaayo kulina okussibwa ku kulonda engeri y’okufuga vvaalu y’amasannyalaze. Okugeza, okusinziira ku byetaago bya pulojekiti, oba okukozesa enkola y’okufuga wakati, oba enkola y’okufuga emu, oba okuyunga n’ebyuma ebirala, okufuga pulogulaamu oba okukozesa okufuga pulogulaamu za kompyuta, n’ebirala, enkola y’okufuga ya njawulo. Sampuli y’omukozi w’ebyuma by’amasannyalaze eya vvaalu egaba omusingi gw’okufuga amasannyalaze ogwa mutindo gwokka, kale ekitongole ky’okukozesa kisaana okukola okubikkula okw’ekikugu n’omukozi w’ebyuma by’amasannyalaze n’okunnyonnyola ebyetaago eby’ekikugu. Okugatta ku ekyo, bw’oba olondawo vvaalu y’amasannyalaze, olina okulowooza oba olina okugula ekintu ekirala ekifuga vvaalu y’amasannyalaze. Kubanga okutwaliza awamu, controller yeetaaga okugulibwa okwawukana. Ebiseera ebisinga, ng’okozesa ekifuga kimu, kyetaagisa okugula ekifuga, kubanga kyangu era kya buseere okugula ekifuga okusinga okukikola dizayini n’okukikola omukozesa. Omulimu gw’okufuga amasannyalaze bwe gutasobola kutuukiriza bisaanyizo bya dizayini ya yinginiya, omukozi alina okuteesebwako okukyusa oba okuddamu okukola dizayini.
Ekyuma ky’amasannyalaze ekya vvaalu kyuma ekitegeera pulogulaamu ya vvaalu, okufuga okw’otoma n’okufuga okuva ewala*, era enkola yaayo ey’okutambula esobola okufugibwa obungi bwa stroke, torque oba axial thrust. Okuva engeri y’okukola n’omutindo gw’okukozesa ekyuma ekikola vvaalu bwe bisinziira ku kika kya vvaalu, enkola y’ekyuma, n’ekifo vvaalu w’eri ku payipu oba ebyuma, okulonda okutuufu kw’ekintu ekikola vvaalu kyetaagisa okuziyiza okutikka okusukkiridde (ttooki ekola esinga ttooki y’okufuga). Okutwaliza awamu, omusingi gw’okulonda obulungi ebyuma by’amasannyalaze ebya vvaalu guli bwe guti:
Torque y’okukolaThe operating torque ye parameter enkulu ey’okulonda ekyuma ky’amasannyalaze ekya valve, era torque efuluma mu kyuma ky’amasannyalaze erina okuba emirundi 1.2 ~ 1.5 ku torque ya valve ekola.
Waliwo ensengekera z’ebyuma ebikulu bibiri eby’okuddukanya ekyuma ky’amasannyalaze ekya vvaalu y’okusika: ekimu tekirina disiki esika era kifulumya butereevu ttooki; Ekirala kwe kutegeka thrust plate, era torque efuluma ekyusibwa n’efuuka output thrust okuyita mu stem nut mu thrust plate.
Omuwendo gw’enkyukakyuka ezikyukakyuka ez’ekikondo ekifuluma eky’ekyuma ky’amasannyalaze ekya vvaalu gukwatagana ne dayamita ey’erinnya eya vvaalu, eddoboozi ly’ekikolo n’omuwendo gw’obuwuzi, ebirina okubalirirwa okusinziira ku M=H/ZS (M gwe muwendo gwonna ogw’enzitowerera ekyuma ky’amasannyalaze gye kirina okutuukiriza, H gwe buwanvu bw’okuggulawo kwa vvaalu, S gwe muwendo gw’obuwuzi obutambuza ekikolo kya vvaalu, ate Z gwe muwendo gw’emitwe egy’obuwuzi egya omuvalveenduli).
Singa dayamita y’ekikolo ekinene ekkirizibwa ekyuma ky’amasannyalaze tesobola kuyita mu kikolo kya vvaalu eriko ebyuma, tesobola kukuŋŋaanyizibwa mu vvaalu y’amasannyalaze. N’olwekyo, dayamita ey’omunda ey’ekikondo ekifuluma ekirimu ekituli ekya actuator erina okuba ennene okusinga dayamita ey’ebweru ey’ekikolo kya vvaalu y’omuggo oguggule. Ku vvaalu y’omuggo omuddugavu mu vvaalu ekyukakyuka ekitundu ne vvaalu ekyukakyuka emirundi mingi, wadde ng’ekizibu ky’okuyita ekya dayamita y’ekikolo kya vvaalu tekilowoozebwako, dayamita y’ekikolo kya vvaalu n’obunene bw’ekisumuluzo nabyo birina okulowoozebwako mu bujjuvu nga olonda, esobole okukola mu ngeri eya bulijjo oluvannyuma lw’okukuŋŋaanyizibwa.
Singa sipiidi y’okuggulawo n’okuggalawo kwa vvaalu ya sipiidi efuluma eba ya mangu nnyo, kyangu okufulumya ennyondo y’amazzi. N’olwekyo, sipiidi entuufu ey’okuggulawo n’okuggalawo erina okulondebwa okusinziira ku mbeera ez’enjawulo ez’okukozesa.
Valve actuators zirina ebyetaago byabwe eby’enjawulo, kwe kugamba zirina okusobola okunnyonnyola torque oba axial forces. Buli kaseeravalveactuators zikozesa ebiyungo ebikoma ku torque. Obunene bw’ekyuma ky’amasannyalaze bwe busalibwawo, ne ‘control torque’ yaakyo esalibwawo. Okutwalira awamu eddukira mu kiseera ekigere, mmotoka tejja kuzitoowererwa. Naye singa embeera zino wammanga zibaawo, kiyinza okuvaako okutikka okusukkiridde: ekisooka, vvulovumenti y’amasannyalaze eba ntono, era ttooki eyeetaagisa tesobola kufunibwa, olwo mmotoka n’elekera awo okutambula; ekyokubiri kwe kutereeza mu nsobi enkola ekoma ku ttooki okugifuula ennene okusinga ttooki y’okuyimirira, ekivaamu ttooki esukkiridde obutasalako n’okuyimiriza mmotoka; ekyokusatu kwe kukozesa mu biseera ebitali bimu, era okukuŋŋaanyizibwa kw’ebbugumu okukolebwa kusukka omuwendo ogukkirizibwa ogw’okulinnya kw’ebbugumu ogwa mmotoka; Eky’okuna, circuit y’enkola ekoma ku torque eremererwa olw’ensonga ezimu, ekifuula torque ennene ennyo; Eky’okutaano, ebbugumu ly’ekifo liri waggulu nnyo ekikendeeza ku busobozi bw’ebbugumu lya mmotoka.
Edda enkola y’okukuuma mmotoka yali ya kukozesa fiyuzi, relay ezisukkiridde, thermal relays, thermostats n’ebirala, naye enkola zino zirina ebirungi n’ebibi byazo. Tewali nkola yeesigika ey’obukuumi ku byuma ebikyusa omugugu nga ebyuma eby’amasannyalaze. N’olwekyo, okugatta okw’enjawulo kulina okwettanirwa, okuyinza okufunzibwa mu bika bibiri: ekimu kwe kusalawo okweyongera oba okukendeera kw’akasannyalazo akayingira mu mmotoka; Ekyokubiri kwe kusalawo embeera y’ebbugumu lya mmotoka yennyini. Mu ngeri zombi, engeri zombi etunuulira ekiseera ekiweereddwa eky’obusobozi bw’ebbugumu bwa mmotoka.
Okutwalira awamu, enkola enkulu ey’obukuumi bw’okutikka okusukkiridde eri nti: okukuuma omugugu ogusukkiridde olw’okukola obutasalako oba okudduka kwa mmotoka, nga tukozesa ekyuma ekiziyiza ebbugumu; Ku lw’obukuumi bwa motor stall rotor, thermal relay yettanirwa; Ku bubenje bwa short-circuit, fiyuzi oba relay ezisukkiridde (overcurrent relays) ze zikozesebwa.
Okutudde okusinga okugumira embeeravvaalu z’ebiwujjo, .vvaalu y’omulyango, vvaalu y’okukeberaebikwata ku nsonga eno, osobola okututuukirira ku whatsapp oba E-mail.
Obudde bw'okuwandiika: Nov-26-2024
