Ng’ekitongole ekifuga obucaafu, omulimu ogusinga obukulu ogw’ekyuma ekirongoosa amazzi amakyafu kwe kulaba ng’amazzi amakyafu gatuukana n’omutindo. Wabula olw’omutindo gw’okufulumya amazzi amakyafu ogweyongera okubeera omukakali n’obusungu bw’abakebera okukuuma obutonde bw’ensi, kireese akazito akanene mu nkola y’ekyuma ekirongoosa kazambi. Ddala kyeyongera okukaluba okufulumya amazzi.
Okusinziira ku kwetegereza kw’omuwandiisi, ekivaako obutereevu obuzibu mu kutuuka ku mutindo gw’okufulumya amazzi kwe kuba nti okutwalira awamu waliwo enzirukanya embi ssatu mu mabibiro g’amazzi amakyafu ag’eggwanga lyange.
Ekisooka ye vicious circle of low sludge activity (MLVSS/MLSS) n’obungi bw’ebisasiro; ekyokubiri ye nkulungo embi ey’eddagala eriggyamu phosphorus gye likoma okukozesebwa, n’ebisasiro ebifuluma gye bikoma okuba ebinene; ekyokusatu kye kyuma ekirongoosa kazambi okumala ebbanga eddene Overload operation, ebyuma tebisobola kuddaabirizibwa, okudduka n’endwadde omwaka gwonna, ekivaako enzirugavu embi ey’okukendeeza ku busobozi bw’okulongoosa kazambi.
#1
Enkulungo embi ey’emirimu gy’ebisasiro ebitono n’obungi bw’ebisasiro
Professor Wang Hongchen akoze okunoonyereza ku bifo 467 ebifulumya amazzi amakyafu. Katutunuulire ebikwata ku mirimu gy’ebisasiro n’obungi bw’ebisasiro: Mu bifo bino 467 eby’amazzi amakyafu, 61% ku bifo ebirongoosa kazambi birina MLVSS/MLSS wansi wa 0.5, nga 30 % ku bifo ebirongoosa amazzi birina MLVSS/MLSS wansi wa 0.4.
Obuziba bwa 2/3 ku bifo ebirongoosa kazambi busukka 4000 mg/L, obusagwa bwa 1/3 ku bifo ebirongoosa kazambi busukka 6000 mg/L, ate obusagwa bw’ebifo 20 ebirongoosa kazambi busukka 10000 mg/L.
Biki ebiva mu mbeera ezo waggulu (emirimu gy’ebisasiro emitono, ebisasiro ebingi)? Wadde nga tulabye emiko mingi egy’ekikugu egyekenneenya amazima, naye mu ngeri ennyangu, waliwo ekivaamu kimu, kwe kugamba, amazzi agafuluma gasukka omutindo.
Kino kiyinza okunnyonnyolwa okuva mu bintu bibiri. Ku ludda olumu, oluvannyuma lw’obungi bw’ebisasiro okuba waggulu, okusobola okwewala okutonnya kw’ebisasiro, kyetaagisa okwongera okufuuwa empewo. Okwongera ku bungi bw’empewo tekijja kukoma ku kwongera ku masannyalaze agakozesebwa, wabula n’okwongera ku kitundu ky’ebiramu. Okwongera kwa okisigyeni asaanuuse kujja kunyaga ensibuko ya kaboni eyeetaagisa okukola denitrification, ekijja okukosa butereevu denitrification n’okuggyawo phosphorus effect y’enkola y’ebiramu, ekivaamu N ne P ezisukkiridde.
Ku luuyi olulala, obungi bw’ebisasiro buleetera ensengekera y’ebitosi n’amazzi okulinnya, era omusulo gubula mangu n’amazzi agafuluma mu ttanka y’okutonnya ey’okubiri, ekijja okuziyiza ekitundu eky’omulembe eky’okulongoosa oba okuleeta COD ne SS ezifuluma mu mazzi okusukka omutindo.
Oluvannyuma lw’okwogera ku biyinza okuddirira, ka twogere ku nsonga lwaki amabibiro g’amazzi amakyafu agasinga galina ekizibu ky’okukola ebisasiro ebitono n’obungi bw’ebisasiro.
Mu butuufu, ensonga lwaki ebisasiro biba bingi, y’emirimu gy’ebisasiro ebitono. Olw’okuba omulimu gw’ebisasiro mutono, okusobola okulongoosa enkola y’okulongoosa, obungi bw’ebisasiro bulina okwongerwako. Omulimu omutono ogw’ebisasiro guva ku kuba nti amazzi agayingira mu mazzi galimu omusenyu omunene ogw’ebisasiro, oguyingira mu kitundu ekirongoosa ebiramu ne gukuŋŋaanyizibwa mpolampola, ekikosa emirimu gy’obuwuka obutonotono.
Mu mazzi agayingira mulimu ebiwujjo n’omusenyu bingi. Ekimu kiri nti interception effect ya grille mbi nnyo, ate endala nti ebitundu ebisoba mu 90% ku bifo ebirongoosa amazzi amakyafu mu nsi yange tebizimba ttanka za primary sedimentation.
Abantu abamu bayinza okwebuuza nti, lwaki temuzimba ttanka ya primary sedimentation? Kino kikwata ku mutimbagano gwa payipu. Waliwo ebizibu nga okuyungibwa obubi, okuyungibwa okutabuddwa, n’okubula okuyungibwa mu mutimbagano gwa payipu mu nsi yange. N’ekyavaamu, omutindo gw’amazzi agayingira mu bifo ebifulumya amazzi amakyafu okutwalira awamu gulina engeri ssatu: ekikalu ekitali kiramu ekinene (ISS), COD entono, omugerageranyo gwa C/N omutono.
Ekisengejjo ky’ebikalu ebitali biramu mu mazzi agayingira kiri waggulu, kwe kugamba, omusenyu guli waggulu nnyo. Mu kusooka, ttanka y’okutonnya esookerwako eyinza okukendeeza ku bintu ebimu ebitali biramu, naye olw’okuba COD y’amazzi agayingira mu mazzi ntono nnyo, ebifo ebisinga obungi eby’amazzi amakyafu simply Tozimba ttanka ya sedimentation enkulu.
Mu kwekenneenya okusembayo, emirimu gy’ebisasiro ebitono musika gwa “ebimera ebizito n’obutimba obutono”.
Tugambye nti ebisasiro ebingi n’emirimu emitono bijja kuleeta N ne P okuyitiridde mu mazzi agafuluma. Mu kiseera kino, ebipimo by’okuddamu eby’amabibiro g’amazzi amakyafu agasinga obungi kwe kwongerako ensibuko za kaboni n’ebiwuka ebiyitibwa inorganic flocculants. Naye okugattako ensibuko za kaboni ez’ebweru nnyingi kijja kuleetera okwongera okweyongera mu nkozesa y’amasannyalaze, ate okugattako omuwendo omunene ogw’ebikuta kijja kuvaamu omuwendo omunene ogw’ebisasiro eby’eddagala, ekivaamu okweyongera kw’obungi bw’ebisasiro n’okwongera okukendeeza ku mirimu gy’ebisasiro, ne kikola enzirugavu embi.
#2
Enkulungo embi nga eddagala eriggyamu phosphorus gye likoma okukozesebwa, n’ebisasiro gye bikoma okuba ebinene.
Okukozesa eddagala eriggyamu phosphorus kyongedde ku bungi bw’ebisasiro ebitundu 20% okutuuka ku bitundu 30%, oba n’okusingawo.
Ekizibu ky’ebisasiro kibadde kyeraliikiriza nnyo ebifo ebirongoosa amazzi amakyafu okumala emyaka mingi, okusinga olw’okuba tewali ngeri yonna gye bayinza kufulumamu musulo, oba ekkubo erifuluma teribeera ntebenkevu. .
Kino kivaako okuwangaala kw’emyaka gy’ebisasiro, ekivaamu ekintu eky’okukaddiwa kw’ebisasiro, n’obutabeera bwa bulijjo obw’amaanyi ennyo ng’okubumbulukuka kw’ebisasiro.
Omusulo ogugaziyiziddwa gulina okukuŋŋaanyizibwa okubi. Olw’okufiirwa amazzi amakyafu okuva mu ttanka ey’okubiri ey’okutonnya, ekitundu ekirongoosa eky’omulembe kizibikira, ekikolwa ky’okulongoosa kikendeera, era obungi bw’amazzi ag’okunaaba emabega bweyongera.
Okwongera ku bungi bw’amazzi ag’okunaaba emabega kijja kuleeta ebivaamu bibiri, ekimu kwe kukendeeza ku bujjanjabi obuva mu kitundu ky’ebiramu ekyasooka.
Amazzi amangi ag’okunaaba emabega gaddizibwa mu ttanka y’okufuuwa empewo, ekikendeeza ku budde obwennyini obw’okukuuma amazzi mu kizimbe era ne kikendeeza ku bujjanjabi obuva mu kulongoosa okw’okubiri;
Ekyokubiri kwe kwongera okukendeeza ku buzibu bw’okulongoosa (processing effect) y’ekitundu ekikola ku buziba.
Olw’okuba amazzi amangi ag’okunaaba emabega galina okuddizibwa mu nkola y’okusengejja ey’okulongoosa ey’omulembe, omuwendo gw’okusengejja gweyongera era obusobozi bwennyini obw’okusengejja bukendeera.
Okutwalira awamu ekikolwa ky’obujjanjabi kifuuka kibi, ekiyinza okuvaako omugatte gwa phosphorus ne COD mu mazzi agakulukuta okusukka omutindo. Okusobola okwewala okusukka omutindo, ekyuma ekifulumya amazzi amakyafu kigenda kwongera okukozesa ebirungo ebiggyamu phosphorus, ekigenda okwongera okwongera ku bungi bw’ebisasiro.
mu nkulungo embi.
#3
Enkulungo embi ey’okutikka amabibiro g’amazzi amakyafu okumala ebbanga eddene n’okukendeeza ku busobozi bw’okulongoosa kazambi
Okulongoosa kazambi tekisinziira ku bantu bokka, wabula n’ebikozesebwa.
Ebikozesebwa mu kazambi bimaze ebbanga nga birwanagana mu maaso g’okulongoosa amazzi. Singa teddabirizibwa bulijjo, obuzibu bujja kubaawo amangu oba alwawo. Naye emirundi egisinga ebyuma ebifulumya amazzi amakyafu tebisobola kuddaabirizibwa, kubanga ekyuma ekimu bwe kimala okuyimirira, amazzi agafuluma gayinza okusukka omutindo. Mu nkola y’okusasula engassi buli lunaku, buli muntu tasobola kuzisasula.
Mu bifo 467 ebirongoosa kazambi mu bibuga ebyanoonyezebwa Professor Wang Hongchen, nga bibiri ku bisatu ku byo birina emigugu gy’amazzi egisukka mu 80%, nga kimu kya kusatu okusinga ebitundu 120%, ate ebifo 5 ebirongoosa kazambi bisukka ebitundu 150%.
Bwe kiba nti omuwendo gw’omugugu gw’amazzi gusukka ebitundu 80%, okuggyako ebifo ebitono ebinene ennyo ebirongoosa kazambi, ebifo ebirongoosa amazzi amakyafu mu bulambalamba tebisobola kuggala mazzi okuddaabiriza ku nsonga nti amazzi agafuluma gatuuka ku mutindo, era tewali mazzi ga ‘backup water’ eri aerators ne secondary sedimentation tank suction and scrapers. Ebyuma ebya wansi bisobola okuddaabirizibwa ddala oba okukyusibwa nga bivuddemu amazzi.
Kwe kugamba nti ebitundu nga 2/3 ku bifo ebifulumya amazzi amakyafu tebisobola kuddaabiriza byuma ku nsonga y’okukakasa nti amazzi amakyafu gatuukana n’omutindo.
Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kwa Professor Wang Hongchen, okutwalira awamu obulamu bw’ebyuma ebifuuwa empewo buba bwa myaka 4-6, naye 1/4 ku bifo ebifulumya amazzi amakyafu tebikoze ndabirira ya mpewo ku biwujjo okumala emyaka nga 6. Ekyuma ekisekula ebitosi, ekyetaaga okuggyibwamu ebintu n’okuddaabirizibwa, okutwalira awamu tekiddabirizibwa omwaka gwonna.
Ebyuma bino bimaze ebbanga nga bidduka n’obulwadde, era obusobozi bw’okulongoosa amazzi bweyongera okwonooneka. Okusobola okugumira puleesa y’omukutu gw’amazzi, tewali ngeri yonna gy’oyinza kugiyimiriza okuddaabiriza. Mu mbeera embi bwetyo, bulijjo wajja kubaawo enkola y’okulongoosa kazambi ejja okwolekagana n’okugwa.
#4
wandiika ku nkomerero
Oluvannyuma lw’okukuuma obutonde bw’ensi okuteekebwawo ng’enkola y’eggwanga lyange enkulu, ennimiro z’amazzi, ggaasi, ebikalu, ettaka n’ebirala eby’okulwanyisa obucaafu byakulaakulana mangu, nga mu bino mulimu ogw’okulongoosa amazzi amakyafu oguyinza okugambibwa nti gwe gukulembedde. Omutendera ogutali gumala, enkola y’ekkolero ly’amazzi amakyafu egudde mu kattu, era ekizibu ky’omukutu gwa payipu n’ebisasiro kifuuse ebibiri ebikulu ebibulamu mu mulimu gw’okulongoosa amazzi amakyafu mu ggwanga lyange.
Era kati, kye kiseera okukola ku bbula.
Obudde bw'okuweereza: Feb-23-2022
